immune response

The body’s reaction to a substance, illness, or infection.

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Investigational New Drug (IND) application

An application to the United States Food & Drug Administration (FDA) to get permission to use a drug in a research study that enrolls people.

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sponsor

The person or group that has overall responsibility for a research study and may also provide funding for the study.

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side effect

A health change that is not the intended effect of the treatment and usually considered a problem.

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p-value (probability value)

A number that researchers use to show that a result did not occur by chance.

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outcome measure

The way that a study endpoint is measured.

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correlation

When two or more measures are linked.

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